Which type of hybridization is seen in general alkanes ?

Which type of hybridization is seen in general alkanes?

1. A. Sp3
2. B. Sp2
3. C. Sp
4. D. ALL of the above

Answer: A. Sp3

• Alkanes are a class of hydrocarbons characterized by single covalent bonds between carbon atoms and only hydrogen atoms attached.
• Each carbon in an alkane forms four single bonds, meaning it needs four orbitals to overlap with other atoms.
• Sp3 hybridization involves mixing one s orbital and three p orbitals to form four new hybrid orbitals with tetrahedral geometry. This perfectly aligns with the requirement of four single bonds and tetrahedral arrangement in alkanes.
• Therefore, sp3 hybridization is the dominant type seen in all general alkanes.

The other options are incorrect:

• Sp2 hybridization: involves mixing one s orbital and two p orbitals, resulting in three hybrid orbitals with trigonal planar geometry. This is not suitable for forming four single bonds in tetrahedral geometry.
• Sp hybridization: involves mixing one s orbital and one p orbital, resulting in two hybrid orbitals with linear geometry. This is not sufficient for forming four single bonds in alkanes.
• ALL of the above: is inaccurate as only sp3 hybridization applies to general alkanes.